Gynecological surgery is a medico-surgical specialty treating ailments of the female genital system: vulva, vagina, uterus, tubes, ovaries and breasts requiring surgical management. The surgery can be done either through an incision in the abdomen, called a laparotomy, or by a laparoscopy, a minimally invasive technique.

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Once the diploma of Specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics has been obtained, gynecological surgeons must undergo a 3-year in-depth training to receive the FMH title of Operative Gynecology-Obstetrics.